Yan Cui
I help clients go faster for less using serverless technologies.
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This one took me by surprise a little but there’s something about the Enumerable.Except method which you ought to know about. At first you might have assumed (as I did) that given an array as the base set and calling the Except extension method with a second array will return all the items in the first array which do not appear in the second array.
Well, not exactly, for instance:
var list1 = new[] { 1, 1, 1, 1 }; var list2 = Enumerable.Empty<int>(); var result = list1.Except(list2); // returns { 1 } instead of the expected { 1, 1, 1, 1 } var list3 = new[] { 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 }; var list4 = new[] { 1 }; var result2 = list3.Except(list4); // returns { 2, 3 } instead of the expected { 2, 2, 3 }
Does it surprise you that only distance instances of the original array is returned by the Except method? Whilst I haven’t found any official Microsoft documentation/article on why Except behaves in this way, the best explanation I have heard so far is that Except performs a set operation, according to MSDN:
Produces the set difference of two sequences by using the default equality comparer to compare values.
And a Set in the mathematical sense is defined as:
A set is a collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right
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