Problem Working from left-to-right if no digit is exceeded by the digit to its left it is called an increasing number; for example, 134468. Similarly if no digit is exceeded by the digit to its right it is called a decreasing number; for example, 66420. We shall call a positive integer that is neither increasing …
Problem By replacing the 1st digit of *3, it turns out that six of the nine possible values: 13, 23, 43, 53, 73, and 83, are all prime. By replacing the 3rd and 4th digits of 56**3 with the same digit, this 5-digit number is the first example having seven primes among the ten generated …
Problem If p is the perimeter of a right angle triangle with integral length sides, {a,b,c}, there are exactly three solutions for p = 120. {20,48,52}, {24,45,51}, {30,40,50} For which value of p <= 1000, is the number of solutions maximised? Solution
Problem In England the currency is made up of pound, £, and pence, p, and there are eight coins in general circulation: 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p, 20p, 50p, £1 (100p) and £2 (200p). It is possible to make £2 in the following way: 1x£1 + 1x50p + 2x20p + 1x5p + 1x2p + 3x1p How …
Problem Euler’s Totient function, ?(n) [sometimes called the phi function], is used to determine the number of positive numbers less than or equal to n which are relatively prime to n. For example, as 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, and 8, are all less than nine and relatively prime to nine, ?(9)=6. The number 1 …
Problem The smallest number expressible as the sum of a prime square, prime cube, and prime fourth power is 28. In fact, there are exactly four numbers below fifty that can be expressed in such a way: 28 = 22 + 23 + 24 33 = 32 + 23 + 24 49 = 52 + …
Problem A number chain is created by continuously adding the square of the digits in a number to form a new number until it has been seen before. For example, Therefore any chain that arrives at 1 or 89 will become stuck in an endless loop. What is most amazing is that EVERY starting …
Problem The prime 41, can be written as the sum of six consecutive primes: 41 = 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 This is the longest sum of consecutive primes that adds to a prime below one-hundred. The longest sum of consecutive primes below one-thousand that adds to a prime, …
Problem It is possible to show that the square root of two can be expressed as an infinite continued fraction. By expanding this for the first four iterations, we get: 1 + 1/2 = 3/2 = 1.5 1 + 1/(2 + 1/2) = 7/5 = 1.4 1 + 1/(2 + 1/(2 + 1/2)) = 17/12 …
Problem Starting with 1 and spiralling anticlockwise in the following way, a square spiral with side length 7 is formed. It is interesting to note that the odd squares lie along the bottom right diagonal, but what is more interesting is that 8 out of the 13 numbers lying along both diagonals are prime; that …
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